GHK-Cu (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper) is a naturally occurring tripeptide-copper complex found in human plasma, saliva, and urine. It was first identified in the 1970s and has since been extensively studied for its regenerative and anti-aging properties.
GHK-Cu levels decline significantly with age — from approximately 200 ng/mL at age 20 to 80 ng/mL by age 60. This decline correlates with reduced tissue repair capacity and accelerated aging.
While GHK-Cu is widely used in topical skincare products, injectable forms are available through compounding pharmacies for systemic anti-aging protocols. It is not FDA-approved for injectable use.
Topical applications have the most supporting evidence; injectable use data is more limited.
GHK-Cu works through multiple regenerative pathways:
Comprehensive review of GHK-Cu's role in wound healing, demonstrating enhanced collagen synthesis and tissue remodeling.
Study showing GHK-Cu modulates expression of numerous genes related to tissue repair, anti-inflammatory responses, and anti-aging pathways.
Clinical evidence for GHK-Cu improving skin density, thickness, and firmness through collagen stimulation.
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Disclaimer: The information on this page was generated with the assistance of artificial intelligence and compiled from publicly available sources. While efforts are made to ensure accuracy, information may be incomplete, outdated, or incorrect and should not be relied upon as medical advice.
R2 Medical Clinic uses medications sourced from compounding pharmacies. Compounded drugs have not been approved by the FDA; have not been reviewed by the FDA for safety, efficacy, or quality; and have not been demonstrated to the FDA to be safe or effective for their intended use. The processes by which the compounded drugs are manufactured have not been reviewed by the FDA. FDA approved products containing semaglutide and tirzepatide are available.