R2 Medical Clinic

MOTS-c

MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c) is a mitochondrial-derived peptide consisting of 16 amino acids. It is encoded within the mitochondrial genome and functions as a signaling molecule that regulates metabolic homeostasis.

MOTS-c is unique among peptides because it originates from mitochondrial DNA rather than nuclear DNA. It has been shown to regulate insulin sensitivity, glucose metabolism, and exercise capacity in preclinical studies.

MOTS-c is not FDA-approved for medical use. Research is primarily preclinical, with growing interest in its potential for metabolic disease and aging. It is available through compounding pharmacies for off-label use.

Potential Benefits

  • Improved insulin sensitivity
  • Enhanced glucose metabolism
  • Increased exercise capacity
  • Fat metabolism support
  • Anti-aging and cellular longevity
  • Metabolic syndrome management

Most evidence comes from animal studies; human clinical data is limited.

Mechanism of Action

MOTS-c acts through several metabolic pathways:

  • Activation of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase)
  • ↑ Glucose uptake in skeletal muscle
  • ↑ Fatty acid oxidation
  • Regulation of the folate-methionine cycle
  • ↓ Insulin resistance
  • Mitochondrial biogenesis support

MOTS-c essentially mimics some of the metabolic benefits of exercise at the cellular level.

Most Common Side Effects

  • Injection site irritation
  • Mild nausea
  • Headache
  • Fatigue
  • Muscle soreness

Contraindications

  • Active malignancy
  • Pregnancy or breastfeeding
  • Severe hepatic or renal impairment
  • Known hypersensitivity

Studies

  1. MOTS-c and Metabolic Homeostasis
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25738459/

    The landmark study identifying MOTS-c as a mitochondrial-derived peptide that regulates insulin sensitivity and metabolic homeostasis.

  2. MOTS-c and Exercise
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33007614/

    Research demonstrating that MOTS-c enhances exercise capacity and skeletal muscle adaptation through AMPK activation.

  3. MOTS-c and Aging
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32191873/

    Study examining the role of MOTS-c in aging, showing declining levels with age and potential as a longevity-promoting peptide.

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Disclaimer: The information on this page was generated with the assistance of artificial intelligence and compiled from publicly available sources. While efforts are made to ensure accuracy, information may be incomplete, outdated, or incorrect and should not be relied upon as medical advice.

R2 Medical Clinic uses medications sourced from compounding pharmacies. Compounded drugs have not been approved by the FDA; have not been reviewed by the FDA for safety, efficacy, or quality; and have not been demonstrated to the FDA to be safe or effective for their intended use. The processes by which the compounded drugs are manufactured have not been reviewed by the FDA. FDA approved products containing semaglutide and tirzepatide are available.