NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a coenzyme found in every living cell. It is essential for cellular energy production, DNA repair, gene expression regulation, and cellular signaling. While not technically a peptide, NAD+ is commonly included in peptide therapy protocols due to its complementary anti-aging and regenerative effects.
NAD+ levels decline significantly with age — by approximately 50% between ages 40 and 60. This decline is associated with reduced mitochondrial function, increased cellular damage, and accelerated aging.
NAD+ can be administered via IV infusion, subcutaneous injection, or oral supplementation with precursors like NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide) or NR (nicotinamide riboside). IV administration provides the highest bioavailability.
Research is rapidly expanding; longevity and neuroprotective effects are among the most studied areas.
NAD+ is involved in hundreds of metabolic reactions:
NAD+ essentially serves as the fuel for cellular repair and maintenance machinery.
Comprehensive review of NAD+ decline with aging and the therapeutic potential of NAD+ repletion for age-related diseases.
Research on the NAD+-sirtuin axis and its central role in metabolic health, stress resistance, and longevity.
Clinical study demonstrating that NAD+ precursor supplementation (NR) safely elevated NAD+ levels in healthy middle-aged and older adults.
Study examining NAD+ repletion as a neuroprotective strategy against age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Disclaimer: The information on this page was generated with the assistance of artificial intelligence and compiled from publicly available sources. While efforts are made to ensure accuracy, information may be incomplete, outdated, or incorrect and should not be relied upon as medical advice.
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